Both components eventually join in a unique excretory system of bile drainage. It entails an extrahepatic and an intrahepatic component, which seem to differentiate separately. The biliary system is one of the most complicated systems of the human organism. This review compiles models from the haystack and hopes that a combinatorial search will eventually be the root for a successful pathway. As a challenge, such methodologies are still limited to very few centers, making the identification of highly functional animal models like finding a “needle in a haystack”. To consolidate any model, (1) more transport and cell membrane studies are needed to identify the exact mechanism of noxa-related hepatotoxicity (2) an online platform may be key to share data from pilot projects and new techniques and (3) the introduction of differentially expressed genes may be useful in investigating the liver metabolism to target the most intricate bilio-toxic effects of pharmaceutical drugs and toxins.
BA, which is considered in half of the causes leading to orthotopic liver transplantation, occurs in primates and non-primates. Scientific communities have identified a rate of about 1 case per 10,000–20,000 live births, but the percentage may be higher, considering the late diagnoses. Its consequences are incalculable for the patients, the affected families, relatives, and the healthcare system. Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive fibro-obliterative process with a variable degree of inflammation involving the hepatobiliary system.
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